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  <url>
    <loc>https://www.sp-a-n.org/establishing-stills</loc>
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    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2018-08-13</lastmod>
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      <image:title>Establishing Stills</image:title>
      <image:caption>Ana Luisa Petrisko, Mabuhay Ka, 2015</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Establishing Stills</image:title>
      <image:caption>Ana Luisa Petrisko, Mabuhay Ka, 2015</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Establishing Stills</image:title>
      <image:caption>Brian Smee, Big Surf, 2017</image:caption>
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac949c80dbda3fb2fca89c9/5b71dc2103ce64876b55c6df/5b71e0b2352f53499e9021fc/1534190123378/FormFollowsFunction_Radiotron_2011.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Establishing Stills</image:title>
      <image:caption>Form follows Function, Traces No. 1: Youth Break Center, Inc. / Radiotron, 2011</image:caption>
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac949c80dbda3fb2fca89c9/5b71dc2103ce64876b55c6df/5b71e0bc8a922dc7a334d75b/1534190155669/GregorioDavila_NancyFromEastsideClover_2017.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Establishing Stills</image:title>
      <image:caption>Gregorio Davila, Nancy from East Side Clover, 2017</image:caption>
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    <image:image>
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      <image:title>Establishing Stills</image:title>
      <image:caption>Natasha Masharova, Donuts, 2016</image:caption>
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac949c80dbda3fb2fca89c9/5b71dc2103ce64876b55c6df/5b71e0d54fa51a26f57ada40/1534190217585/RomoFoster_MovieVersion_3.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Establishing Stills</image:title>
      <image:caption>Arturo Romo &amp; Sesshu Foster, Movie Version: “Hell to Eternity”</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac949c80dbda3fb2fca89c9/5b71dc2103ce64876b55c6df/5b71e0fa8985831a0a8ab1c5/1534190246948/TatePorterEtAl_LaborsOfLandscape_2017.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Establishing Stills</image:title>
      <image:caption>Zachary Tate Porter, Christina Novakov-Ritchey, &amp; Mari Beltran, Labors of Landscape, 2017</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Establishing Stills</image:title>
      <image:caption>Tolu Awosika, BMPCC + Panasonic 12–35mm, 2015</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac949c80dbda3fb2fca89c9/5b71dc2103ce64876b55c6df/5b71e0ed03ce64876b561b4b/1534190327550/TomExploresLA_CradleOfLA_Part4_2017.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Establishing Stills</image:title>
      <image:caption>Tom Carroll, Tom Explores Los Angeles: Cradle of Los Angeles, Part 4, 2017</image:caption>
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac949c80dbda3fb2fca89c9/5b71dc2103ce64876b55c6df/5b71e10f352f53499e902732/1534190351329/WillGeary_LATransitFlows_2017.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Establishing Stills</image:title>
      <image:caption>Will Geary, Los Angeles Transit Flows, 2017</image:caption>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://www.sp-a-n.org/event-series</loc>
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    <lastmod>2020-05-15</lastmod>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://www.sp-a-n.org/rww-photos</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2018-05-17</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac949c80dbda3fb2fca89c9/5afd36192b6a28293b6d4873/5afd36191ae6cf1c926e58e7/1526754505457/1912-topographical-map-LA.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Railways, Waterways, and Walkways</image:title>
      <image:caption>1. Topographic relief map of Los Angeles showing the narrow passage (bottom right) that connects the San Fernando Valley and the L.A. basin, 1912</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac949c80dbda3fb2fca89c9/5afd36192b6a28293b6d4873/5afd363c0e2e72fb3ae06088/1526754513970/tropico_20map.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Railways, Waterways, and Walkways</image:title>
      <image:caption>2. Map showing Tropico at a crossroads of rail, both local and national, 1903</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac949c80dbda3fb2fca89c9/5afd36192b6a28293b6d4873/5afd367c575d1f528bd4f96f/1526754522369/LARiver_AgriculturalValley.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Railways, Waterways, and Walkways</image:title>
      <image:caption>3. Farmland along the Los Angeles River, somewhere near Tropico</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac949c80dbda3fb2fca89c9/5afd36192b6a28293b6d4873/5afd36932b6a28293b6d5199/1526754529932/tropico_20beauty_20c89k49k1-FILEID-1.8.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Railways, Waterways, and Walkways</image:title>
      <image:caption>4. Tropico was famous for its strawberries, called “Tropico Beauties”</image:caption>
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac949c80dbda3fb2fca89c9/5afd36192b6a28293b6d4873/5afd369d88251b645576b40f/1526754537947/strawberry+pickers+in+tropico+c1900+7305-thumb-600x473-75524.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Railways, Waterways, and Walkways</image:title>
      <image:caption>5. Farm workers on a Tropico strawberry field, ca. 1900</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac949c80dbda3fb2fca89c9/5afd36192b6a28293b6d4873/5afd36bc575d1f528bd4fe3c/1526754593408/1896_LosAngelesRiver_Zanja%28la200%29.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Railways, Waterways, and Walkways</image:title>
      <image:caption>11. Taming the Los Angeles River, Glendale Narrows, 1896</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac949c80dbda3fb2fca89c9/5afd36192b6a28293b6d4873/5afd36c62b6a28293b6d54f0/1526754602591/1962-03-04-CAHiPub-56-1280.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Railways, Waterways, and Walkways</image:title>
      <image:caption>12. Aerial view looking up river just after Interstate 5 construction, 1962</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac949c80dbda3fb2fca89c9/5afd36192b6a28293b6d4873/5afd36f30e2e72fb3ae06de2/1526754608259/pigeons+ca+1900+hitchcock.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Railways, Waterways, and Walkways</image:title>
      <image:caption>13. Pigeon Farm, ca. 1900</image:caption>
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac949c80dbda3fb2fca89c9/5afd36192b6a28293b6d4873/5afd36ff1ae6cf1c926e6b0c/1526754618842/World_s_Largest_Pigeon_Ranch_From_Southern_Pacific_Co_s_Train_Los_Angeles_California_1716.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Railways, Waterways, and Walkways</image:title>
      <image:caption>14. Postcard showing the view of pigeon farm from the train</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac949c80dbda3fb2fca89c9/5afd36192b6a28293b6d4873/5afd370f8a922d5621d1f768/1526754624767/Los_Angeles_Pigeon_Farm_near_Elysian_Park_54_mailed_1911.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Railways, Waterways, and Walkways</image:title>
      <image:caption>15. The Pigeon Farm was a tourist attraction, 1911</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac949c80dbda3fb2fca89c9/5afd36192b6a28293b6d4873/5afd373a562fa78cc7f0148e/1526754637442/cypresspark1900s.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Railways, Waterways, and Walkways</image:title>
      <image:caption>16. View showing the precarious location of the Pigeon Farm</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac949c80dbda3fb2fca89c9/5afd36192b6a28293b6d4873/5afd3743562fa78cc7f0154f/1526754646178/1914latimes.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Railways, Waterways, and Walkways</image:title>
      <image:caption>17. Newspaper coverage of the Pigeon Farm’s demise, 1914</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac949c80dbda3fb2fca89c9/5afd36192b6a28293b6d4873/5afd37761ae6cf1c926e7371/1526754655003/00032055_0.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Railways, Waterways, and Walkways</image:title>
      <image:caption>18. Aerial view of the “incredible moving mountain” the morning after its collapse, 1937</image:caption>
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac949c80dbda3fb2fca89c9/5afd36192b6a28293b6d4873/5afd377f70a6ad7647f8013c/1526754663158/crowd_watching-1280.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Railways, Waterways, and Walkways</image:title>
      <image:caption>19. Spectators of the “incredible moving mountain” on Riverside Dr., 1937</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac949c80dbda3fb2fca89c9/5afd36192b6a28293b6d4873/5afd37d403ce64542a669bd9/1526754672859/1937-04-CAHiPub-14a-1280.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Railways, Waterways, and Walkways</image:title>
      <image:caption>20. Constructing a bridge that would become part of the Arroyo Seco Parkway (the 110), 1937</image:caption>
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac949c80dbda3fb2fca89c9/5afd36192b6a28293b6d4873/5afd37e31ae6cf1c926e7b61/1526754678658/dayton-bridge-demolished-lat-1927-1.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Railways, Waterways, and Walkways</image:title>
      <image:caption>21. L.A. Times photo of the 1903 Dayton Avenue Bridge being demolished, June 17th, 1927</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac949c80dbda3fb2fca89c9/5afd36192b6a28293b6d4873/5afd37ed2b6a28293b6d6a0e/1526754692475/dayton-bridge-1-mar-1928-3.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Railways, Waterways, and Walkways</image:title>
      <image:caption>22. Dayton Avenue Bridge, 1928</image:caption>
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac949c80dbda3fb2fca89c9/5afd36192b6a28293b6d4873/5afd37f52b6a28293b6d6aa7/1526754699677/1107_la_river_006-1.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Railways, Waterways, and Walkways</image:title>
      <image:caption>23. Riverside Drive Bridge, viewed from inside the Los Angeles River, 2011</image:caption>
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac949c80dbda3fb2fca89c9/5afd36192b6a28293b6d4873/5afd380c8a922d5621d20a22/1526754710313/1885_LosAngelesRiver_DowneyAvBridge-flood%28usctp%29.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Railways, Waterways, and Walkways</image:title>
      <image:caption>24. Flood damage south of the confluence, 1885</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac949c80dbda3fb2fca89c9/5afd36192b6a28293b6d4873/5afd381870a6ad7647f80cbd/1526754719906/1944-01-02-CAHiPub-2-1280.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Railways, Waterways, and Walkways</image:title>
      <image:caption>25. The new Arroyo Seco Parkway, walkway still under construction, 1944</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac949c80dbda3fb2fca89c9/5afd36192b6a28293b6d4873/5afd3822758d467e132cdc4d/1526754728451/1940-10-CAHiPub-15-1280.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Railways, Waterways, and Walkways</image:title>
      <image:caption>26. Freeway development in Elysian Park, 1940</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac949c80dbda3fb2fca89c9/5afd36192b6a28293b6d4873/5afd382f1ae6cf1c926e811c/1526754736980/1941-09-CAHiPub-6-1280.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Railways, Waterways, and Walkways</image:title>
      <image:caption>27. Removing a mountain for the Arroyo Seco Parkway, 1941</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac949c80dbda3fb2fca89c9/5afd36192b6a28293b6d4873/5afd3838352f5327ad1d355a/1526754746582/1941-09-CAHiPub-8b-1280.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Railways, Waterways, and Walkways</image:title>
      <image:caption>28. Park Row Dr. Bridge under construction, 1941</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac949c80dbda3fb2fca89c9/5afd36192b6a28293b6d4873/5afd3845f950b7543abf92bd/1526754754810/1876_ElysianPark_BuenaVistaReservoir.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Railways, Waterways, and Walkways</image:title>
      <image:caption>29. Buena Vista Reservoir, 1876</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac949c80dbda3fb2fca89c9/5afd36192b6a28293b6d4873/5afd3853352f5327ad1d379b/1526754763391/Waterworks_Map-1280.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Railways, Waterways, and Walkways</image:title>
      <image:caption>30. Waterworks in Elysian Park, 1937</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac949c80dbda3fb2fca89c9/5afd36192b6a28293b6d4873/5afd3868352f5327ad1d3926/1526754769326/1915_LosAngelesRiver_FromBroadwayViaduct%28flickr%29.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Railways, Waterways, and Walkways</image:title>
      <image:caption>31. View up the unchannelized River from the North Broadway Bridge, 1915</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac949c80dbda3fb2fca89c9/5afd36192b6a28293b6d4873/5afd38728a922d5621d2123f/1526754777969/1924_LASHP_NorthBroadwayBridge_usctit_.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Railways, Waterways, and Walkways</image:title>
      <image:caption>32. Traffic on the North Broadway Bridge, 1924</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac949c80dbda3fb2fca89c9/5afd36192b6a28293b6d4873/5afd388f352f5327ad1d3bff/1526754786883/1900_LASHP_RiverStationFromBroadwayBridge%28spla%29-1280.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Railways, Waterways, and Walkways</image:title>
      <image:caption>33. View of River Station from near what is now the North Broadway Bridge, 1900</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
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      <image:caption>34. View of River Station from the North Broadway Bridge, 1953</image:caption>
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    <image:image>
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      <image:title>Railways, Waterways, and Walkways</image:title>
      <image:caption>35. View of River Station from the North Broadway Bridge, 1987</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Railways, Waterways, and Walkways</image:title>
      <image:caption>36. View of River Station site from the North Broadway Bridge, 2000</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Railways, Waterways, and Walkways</image:title>
      <image:caption>37. The Naked Lady, a sculpture by Kate Millet, stands proudly atop the Woman’s Building, 1980</image:caption>
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    <image:image>
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      <image:caption>38. 1983</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Railways, Waterways, and Walkways</image:title>
      <image:caption>39. Cheri Gaulke’s Water Street: River of Dreams at Lincoln/Cypress Gold Line station, 2003</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>40. Cheri Gaulke’s Water Street: River of Dreams at Lincoln/Cypress Gold Line station, 2003</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>41. Hotel at River Station, 1876</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>42. The roundhouse at River Station, ca. 1880s</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>43. Section of the Pierce Map showing the River Station area, 1894</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>44. Southern Pacific’s River Station Depot, looking towards the North Broadway Bridge, 1918</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>45. A Daylight locomotive at River Station Depot, adjacent to North Spring Street, 1937</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>46. Painting of perspective from pedestrian bridge over River Station, 1947</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>8. Dayton Avenue signal tower elevation, 1930</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Bibliography - No Crystal Stair: African-Americans in the City of Angels</image:title>
      <image:caption>Lynell George When Los Angeles burned for three days in spring 1992 in the wake of the Rodney King verdict, the sparks ignited more than buildings and cars. Combat-style reporting gave way to national debate as officials deplored 'senseless violence' and pundits saw the unravelling of civilization or deplored the shame of the cities. But why was the crisis of South Central Los Angeles visible only when backlit by flames? Amid all the sensationalized accounts of fragmented, chaotic communities, efforts of valour are seldom reported. Neither helpless nor without hope, black Angelenos go about their lives, bolstering their communities from within. Far from giving up or giving in, they persist, using anger, faith and the cold logic of experience to deal with drugs, gangs and unemployment; build churches, schools and community centres; weave together new music, films, stories. Verso, 1992</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Marc Spitz and Brendan Mullen Taking us back to late ’70s and early ’80s Hollywood — pre-crack, pre-AIDS, pre-Reagan — We Got the Neutron Bomb re-creates word for word the rage, intensity, and anarchic glory of the Los Angeles punk scene, straight from the mouths of the scenesters, zinesters, groupies, filmmakers, and musicians who were there. Assembled from exhaustive interviews, We Got the Neutron Bomb tells the authentically gritty stories of bands like the Runaways, the Germs, X, the Screamers, Black Flag, and the Circle Jerks—their rise, their fall, and their undeniable influence on the rock ’n’ roll of today. Three Rivers Press, 2001</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Bibliography - The Death and Life of Great American Cities</image:title>
      <image:caption>Jane Jacobs The Death and Life of Great American Cities was described by The New York Times as “perhaps the most influential single work in the history of town planning. . . . [It] can also be seen in a much larger context. It is first of all a work of literature; the descriptions of street life as a kind of ballet and the bitingly satiric account of traditional planning theory can still be read for pleasure even by those who long ago absorbed and appropriated the book’s arguments.” Jane Jacobs, an editor and writer on architecture in New York City in the early sixties, argued that urban diversity and vitality were being destroyed by powerful architects and city planners. Rigorous, sane, and delightfully epigrammatic, Jane Jacobs’s tour de force is a blueprint for the humanistic management of cities. It remains sensible, knowledgeable, readable, and indispensable. Random House, 1961</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Bibliography - The Production of Space</image:title>
      <image:caption>Henri Lefebvre The Production of Space is a search for a reconciliation between mental space (the space of the philosophers) and real space (the physical and social spheres in which we all live). In the course of his exploration, Henri Lefebvre moves from metaphysical and ideological considerations of the meaning of space to its experience in the everyday life of home and city. He seeks, in other words, to bridge the gap between the realms of theory and practice, between the mental and the social, and between philosophy and reality. In doing so, he ranges through art, literature, architecture and economics, and further provides a powerful antidote to the sterile and obfuscatory methods and theories characteristic of much recent continental philosophy. Blackwell, 1992</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Bibliography - Keep Walking Intently: The Ambulatory Art of the Surrealists, the Situationist International, and Fluxus</image:title>
      <image:caption>Lori Waxman Walking, that most basic of human actions, was transformed in the twentieth century by Surrealism, the Situationist International, and Fluxus into a tactic for revolutionizing everyday life. Each group chose locations in the urban landscape as sites — from the flea markets and bars of Paris to the sidewalks of New York — and ambulation as the essential gesture. Keep Walking Intently traces the meandering and peculiar footsteps of these avant-garde artists as they moved through the city, encountering the marvelous, studying the environment, and re-enchanting the banal. Art historian Lori Waxman reveals the radical potential that walking holds for us all. Sternberg Press, 2017</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Bibliography - Fit to Be Citizens?: Public Health and Race in Los Angeles, 1879-1939</image:title>
      <image:caption>Natalia Molina Meticulously researched and beautifully written, Fit to Be Citizens? demonstrates how both science and public health shaped the meaning of race in the early twentieth century. Through a careful examination of the experiences of Mexican, Japanese, and Chinese immigrants in Los Angeles, Natalia Molina illustrates the many ways local health officials used complexly constructed concerns about public health to demean, diminish, discipline, and ultimately define racial groups. She shows how the racialization of Mexican Americans was not simply a matter of legal exclusion or labor exploitation, but rather that scientific discourses and public health practices played a key role in assigning negative racial characteristics to the group. The book skillfully moves beyond the binary oppositions that usually structure works in ethnic studies by deploying comparative and relational approaches that reveal the racialization of Mexican Americans as intimately associated with the relative historical and social positions of Asian Americans, African Americans, and whites. Its rich archival grounding provides a valuable history of public health in Los Angeles, living conditions among Mexican immigrants, and the ways in which regional racial categories influence national laws and practices. Molina’s compelling study advances our understanding of the complexity of racial politics, attesting that racism is not static and that different groups can occupy different places in the racial order at different times. University of California Press, 2006</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Bibliography - Overlook: Exploring the Internal Fringes of America with The Center for Land Use Interpretation</image:title>
      <image:caption>Matthew Coolidge and Sarah Simons, editors The Center for Land Use Interpretation is a research-based educational organization that produces public programs about the built landscape of the United States from its sites in Los Angeles, Utah and the Mojave desert, with an upstate New York location opening in 2006. The Center's aim is to increase and diffuse information about how the nation's lands are apportioned, utilized and perceived. Recent examples of their work include a two-day "Tour of the Monuments of the Great American Void" by bus and the exhibit Immersed Remains: Towns Submerged in America. This book takes readers on a tour through the strangely unfamiliar land that Americans live in, demonstrating that we can understand ourselves and the nation by examining the clues on display all around us, often clearly visible but ignored. Each chapter explores a different topic, from an in-depth look at Ohio ("the most all-American state"); through scale shifts in model landscapes, exemplified in the three largest hydraulic models in the world; and law-enforcement training environments that "simulate" public space. Readers can dive into the hidden and enchanting world of show caves, where America is on display underground; and come up into the Great Basin, a zone covering most of Nevada, and portions of Utah, California, Oregon, Idaho and Mexico, whose network of watersheds has no outlet to the ocean. Following lines and edges, through cities, suburbs, small towns and wide-open spaces, the Center guides us upstream, toward the heart of another America--the same, but different. Metropolis Books, 2006</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac949c80dbda3fb2fca89c9/t/5edc5c041cb539389967e217/1591499786889/Yamashita_Tropic_2017.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Bibliography - Tropic of Orange</image:title>
      <image:caption>Karen Tei Yamashita Irreverently juggling magical realism, film noir, hip-hop, and chicanismo, Tropic of Orange takes place in a Los Angeles where the homeless, gangsters, infant organ entrepreneurs, and Hollywood collide on a stretch of the Harbor Freeway. Hemmed in by wildfires, it’s a symphony conducted from an overpass: grandiose, comic, and as diverse as the city itself. Coffee House Press, 1997/2017</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Bibliography - The Infrastructural City: Networked Ecologies in Los Angeles</image:title>
      <image:caption>Kazys Varnelis, editor Once the greatest American example of a modern city served by infrastructure, Los Angeles is now in perpetual crisis. Infrastructure has ceased to support architecture's plans for the city and instead subordinates architecture to its own purposes. This out-of-control but networked world is increasingly organized by flows of objects and information. Static structures avoid being superfluous by joining this system as temporary containers for the people, objects, and capital. A provocative collection of research through photography, essays and maps, this is book looks at infrastructure as a way of mapping our place in the city, remaining optimistic about the role of architecture to affect change. Actar, 2009</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac949c80dbda3fb2fca89c9/t/5edcb36d6b90352c845c89f0/1591522164171/Hayden_Power_1995.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Bibliography - The Power of Place: Urban Landscapes as Public History</image:title>
      <image:caption>Dolores Hayden Based on her extensive experience in the urban communities of Los Angeles, historian and architect Dolores Hayden proposes new perspectives on gender, race, and ethnicity to broaden the practice of public history and public art, enlarge urban preservation, and reorient the writing of urban history to spatial struggles. In the first part of The Power of Place, Hayden outlines the elements of a social history of urban space to connect people’s lives and livelihoods to the urban landscape as it changes over time. She then explores how communities and professionals can tap the power of historic urban landscapes to nurture public memory. The second part documents a decade of research and practice by The Power of Place, a nonprofit organization Hayden founded in downtown Los Angeles. Through public meetings, walking tours, artists’ books, and permanent public sculpture, as well as architectural preservation, teams of historians, designers, planners, and artists worked together to understand, preserve, and commemorate urban landscape history as African American, Latina, and Asian American families have experienced it. MIT Press, 1995</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac949c80dbda3fb2fca89c9/t/5edc4cc9a396f00bd0b684d3/1591495885984/Tuan_Space_2001.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Bibliography - Space and Place: The Perspective of Experience</image:title>
      <image:caption>Yi-Fu Tuan Eminent geographer Yi-Fu Tuan considers the ways in which people feel and think about space, how they form attachments to home, neighborhood, and nation, and how feelings about space and place are affected by the sense of time. He suggests that place is security and space is freedom: we are attached to the one and long for the other. Whether he is considering sacred versus “biased” space, mythical space and place, time in experiential space, or cultural attachments to space, Tuan’s analysis is thoughtful and insightful. University of Minnesota Press, 2001</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Bibliography - Hyperart: Thomasson</image:title>
      <image:caption>Genpei Akasegawa In the 1970s Tokyo, artist Akasegawa Genpei and his friends began noticing what they termed “hyperart,” aesthetic objects created by removing a structure’s function, while carefully maintaining the structure itself. They called these objects “Thomassons,” after an American pinch-hitter recruited by a Japanese baseball team, whose bat never connected with a ball. In the 1980s, through submissions from students and readers, Akasegawa collected and printed photos of Thomassons in a column in Super Photo Magazine. He wrote these columns with a warm, goofy humor that seems intended to cast back nihilism, irony, and other common responses to 20th century urbanization. What emerged was a lighthearted, yet profound, picture of how modernization was changing Japan’s urban landscape, and the culture that underpinned it. These columns, collected into a book, became a cult hit among late-eighties Japanese youth. What they saw in this assemblage of casual photos and humorous descriptions was, as essayist Jordan Sand puts it, “a way of regaining some sense of the human imprint on the city in an era when that imprint was being rapidly erased.” Kaya, 1985/2010</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Bibliography - Railtown: The Fight for the Los Angeles Metro Rail and the Future of the City</image:title>
      <image:caption>Ethan N. Elkind The familiar image of Los Angeles as a metropolis built for the automobile is crumbling. Traffic, air pollution, and sprawl motivated citizens to support urban rail as an alternative to driving, and the city has started to reinvent itself by developing compact neighborhoods adjacent to transit. As a result of pressure from local leaders, particularly with the election of Tom Bradley as mayor in 1973, the Los Angeles Metro Rail gradually took shape in the consummate car city. Railtown presents the history of this system by drawing on archival documents, contemporary news accounts, and interviews with many of the key players to provide critical behind-the-scenes accounts of the people and forces that shaped the system. University of California Press, 2014</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac949c80dbda3fb2fca89c9/t/5edc99dc30d909160d2cef08/1591515619082/Himes_Hollers_1945.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Bibliography - If He Hollers Let Him Go</image:title>
      <image:caption>Chester B. Himes Robert Jones is a crew leader in a naval shipyard in Los Angeles in the 1940s. He should have a lot going for him, being educated, with a steady job and a steady relationship. But in the four days covered in this novel, the impossibility of life as a black man in a white world is made devastatingly clear. Doubleday Doran, 1945</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Bibliography - Twilight: Los Angeles, 1992</image:title>
      <image:caption>Anna Deavere Smith Twilight is a stunning work of “documentary theater” that explores the devastating human impact of the five days of riots following the Rodney King verdict. From nine months of interviews with more than two hundred people, Smith has chosen the voices that best reflect the diversity and tension of a city in turmoil: a disabled Korean man, a white male Hollywood talent agent, a Panamanian immigrant mother, a teenage black gang member, a macho Mexican-American artist, Rodney King’s aunt, beaten truck driver Reginald Denny, former Los Angeles police chief Daryl Gates, and other witnesses, participants, and victims. A work that goes directly to the heart of the issues of race and class, Twilight ruthlessly probes the language and the lives of its subjects, offering stark insight into the complex and pressing social, economic, and political issues that fueled the flames in the wake of the Rodney King verdict and ignited a conversation about policing and race that continues today. Anchor, 1994</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac949c80dbda3fb2fca89c9/t/5edc65b628c2346bbd58f152/1591502266399/Sides_LACity_2006.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Bibliography - L.A. City Limits: African American Los Angeles from the Great Depression to the Present</image:title>
      <image:caption>Josh Sides In 1964 an Urban League survey ranked Los Angeles as the most desirable city for African Americans to live in. In 1965 the city burst into flames during one of the worst race riots in the nation's history. How the city came to such a pass—embodying both the best and worst of what urban America offered black migrants from the South—is the story told for the first time in this history of modern black Los Angeles. A clear-eyed and compelling look at black struggles for equality in L.A.'s neighborhoods, schools, and workplaces from the Great Depression to our day, L.A. City Limits critically refocuses the ongoing debate about the origins of America's racial and urban crisis. Challenging previous analysts' near-exclusive focus on northern "rust-belt" cities devastated by de-industrialization, Josh Sides asserts that the cities to which black southerners migrated profoundly affected how they fared. He shows how L.A.'s diverse racial composition, dispersive geography, and dynamic postwar economy often created opportunities—and limits—quite different from those encountered by blacks in the urban North. University of California Press, 2006</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Bibliography - Finding Los Angeles by Foot: Stairstreet, Bridge, Pathway and Lane</image:title>
      <image:caption>Bob Inman This book is about finding what is notable, historical, quizzical and beautiful in this great city while walking. It is about learning and using pedestrian-ways where a car may not go: public stairways, walk streets, pedways and pathways. This guidebook describes nearly 500 walkable passages and over 300 great things to see while you are there. From Highland Park to Venice, from Beachwood Canyon to San Pedro, 29 great walking neighborhoods are covered by 40 annotated maps drawn just for the urban explorer on foot. The book includes 150 photographs. The author has led hundreds on LA city walks and he narrates 23 of his favorites inside. Described are 175 miles of walking from Palos Verdes to the Arroyo Seco, from Boyle Heights to Rustic Canyon. This is a book about history, about architecture and about neighborhood character. Discussed are pedestrian and planning issues in Los Angeles. Included in the back is a concise directory of 336 public stairways in Los Angeles and its surrounding communities. Also covered is the history of the “Inman 300,” America’s first urban thru-hike. 2014</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Bibliography - East Los Angeles: History of a Barrio</image:title>
      <image:caption>Ricardo Romo This is the story of the largest Mexican-American community in the United States, the city within a city known as "East Los Angeles." How did this barrio of over one million men and women — occupying an area greater than Manhattan or Washington D.C. — come to be? Although promoted early in this century as a workers' paradise, Los Angeles fared poorly in attracting European immigrants and American blue-collar workers. Wages were low, and these workers were understandably reluctant to come to a city which was also troubled by labor strife. Mexicans made up the difference, arriving in the city in massive numbers. Who these Mexicans were and the conditions that caused them to leave their own country are revealed in East Los Angeles. The author examines how they adjusted to life in one of the fastest-growing cities in the United States, how they fared in this country's labor market, and the problems of segregation and prejudice they confronted. University of Texas Press, 1983</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Bibliography - A Burglar’s Guide to the City</image:title>
      <image:caption>Geoff Manaugh At the core of A Burglar's Guide to the City is an unexpected and thrilling insight: how any building transforms when seen through the eyes of someone hoping to break into it. Studying architecture the way a burglar would, Geoff Manaugh takes readers through walls, down elevator shafts, into panic rooms, up to the buried vaults of banks, and out across the rooftops of an unsuspecting city. With the help of FBI Special Agents, reformed bank robbers, private security consultants, the L.A.P.D. Air Support Division, and architects past and present, the book dissects the built environment from both sides of the law. Whether picking padlocks or climbing the walls of high-rise apartments, finding gaps in a museum's surveillance routine or discussing home invasions in ancient Rome, A Burglar's Guide to the City has the tools, the tales, and the x-ray vision you need to see architecture as nothing more than an obstacle that can be outwitted and undercut. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2016</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Bibliography - City of Inmates: Conquest, Rebellion, and the Rise of Human Caging in Los Angeles, 1771–1965</image:title>
      <image:caption>Kelly Lytle Hernández Los Angeles incarcerates more people than any other city in the United States, which imprisons more people than any other nation on Earth. This book explains how the City of Angels became the capital city of the world’s leading incarcerator. Marshaling more than two centuries of evidence, historian Kelly Lytle Hernández unmasks how histories of native elimination, immigrant exclusion, and black disappearance drove the rise of incarceration in Los Angeles. In this telling, which spans from the Spanish colonial era to the outbreak of the 1965 Watts Rebellion, Hernández documents the persistent historical bond between the racial fantasies of conquest, namely its settler colonial form, and the eliminatory capacities of incarceration. But City of Inmates is also a chronicle of resilience and rebellion, documenting how targeted peoples and communities have always fought back. They busted out of jail, forced Supreme Court rulings, advanced revolution across bars and borders, and, as in the summer of 1965, set fire to the belly of the city. With these acts those who fought the rise of incarceration in Los Angeles altered the course of history in the city, the borderlands, and beyond. This book recounts how the dynamics of conquest met deep reservoirs of rebellion as Los Angeles became the City of Inmates, the nation’s carceral core. It is a story that is far from over. University of North Carolina Press, 2017</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Bibliography - The History of Forgetting: Los Angeles and the Erasure of Memory</image:title>
      <image:caption>Norman Klein Los Angeles is a city which has long thrived on the continual re-creation of own myth. In this extraordinary and original work, Norman Klein examines the process of memory erasure in L.A. Using a provocative mixture of fact and fiction, the book takes us on an ‘anti-tour’ of downtown L.A., examines life for Vietnamese immigrants in the City of Dreams, imagines Walter Benjamin as a Los Angeleno, and finally looks at the way information technology has recreated the city, turning cyberspace into the last suburb. In this new edition, Norman Klein examines new models for erasure in L.A. He explores the evolution of the Latino majority, how the Pacific economy is changing the structure of urban life, the impact of collapsing infrastructure in the city, and the restructuring of those very districts that had been ‘forgotten.’ Verso, 1998/2008</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Bibliography - Wanderlust: A History of Walking</image:title>
      <image:caption>Rebecca Solnit What does it mean to be out walking in the world, whether in a landscape or a metropolis, on a pilgrimage or a protest march? In this first general history of walking, Rebecca Solnit draws together many histories to create a range of possibilities for this most basic act. Arguing that walking as history means walking for pleasure and for political, aesthetic, and social meaning, Solnit homes in on the walkers whose everyday and extreme acts have shaped our culture, from the peripatetic philosophers of ancient Greece to the poets of the Romantic Age, from the perambulations of the Surrealists to the ascents of mountaineers. With profiles of some of the most significant walkers in history and fiction – from Wordsworth to Gary Snyder, from Rousseau to Argentina’s Mother of the Plaza de Mayo, from Jane Austen’s Elizabeth Bennet to Andre Breton’s Nadja – Wanderlust offers a provocative and profound examination of the interplay between the body, the imagination, and the world around the walker. Granta, 2014</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Bibliography - City of the Future</image:title>
      <image:caption>Sesshu Foster Twenty-one years after Kaya Press first published Sesshu Foster’s City Terrace Field Manual, a powerful collection of prose poems that map the East Los Angeles neighborhood of Foster’s childhood, comes a new collection of poetry and prose that takes on gentrification, modernization and globalization, as told from the same corner of this rapidly changing metropolis. These poems are, in the poet’s words: “Postcards written with ocotillo and yucca. Gentrification of your face inside your sleep. Privatization of identity, corners, and intimations. Wars on the nerve, colors, breathing. Postcard poems of early and late notes, mucilage, American loneliness. Postcard poems of slopes, films of dust and crows. Incarceration nation ‘Wish You Were Here’ postcards 35 cents emerge from gentrified pants. You can’t live like this. Postcards sent into the future. You can’t live here now; you must live in the future, in the City of the Future.” Kaya, 2018</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Bibliography - Bohemian Los Angeles and the Making of Modern Politics</image:title>
      <image:caption>Daniel Hurewitz Bohemian Los Angeles brings to life a vibrant and all-but forgotten milieu of artists, leftists, and gay men and women whose story played out over the first half of the twentieth century and continues to shape the entire American landscape. It is the story of a hidden corner of Los Angeles, where the personal first became the political, where the nation’s first enduring gay rights movement emerged, and where the broad spectrum of what we now think of as identity politics was born. Portraying life over a period of more than forty years in the hilly enclave of Edendale, near downtown Los Angeles, Daniel Hurewitz considers the work of painters and printmakers, looks inside the Communist Party’s intimate cultural scene, and examines the social world of gay men. In this vividly written narrative, he discovers why and how these communities, inspiring both one another and the city as a whole, transformed American notions of political identity with their ideas about self-expression, political engagement, and race relations. Bohemian Los Angeles, incorporating fascinating oral histories, personal letters, police records, and rare photographs, shifts our focus from gay and bohemian New York to the west coast with significant implications for twentieth-century U.S. history and politics. University of California Press, 2008</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Bibliography - Brown Acres: An Intimate History of the Los Angeles Sewers</image:title>
      <image:caption>Anna Sklar The complex and often alarming history of the Los Angeles city sewer system is captured for the first time in Anna Sklar's Brown Acres. It is the first historical narrative to detail any world-class city's sewer system — complete with the relationship between headstrong politicians and the reformers who sought to “heal the bay” after a century of pollution and contamination. Brown Acres provides a unique look at the underground history of Los Angeles. Angel City Press, 2008</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Bibliography - A People’s Guide to Los Angeles</image:title>
      <image:caption>Laura Pulido, Laura R. Barraclough, and Wendy Cheng A People’s Guide to Los Angeles offers an assortment of eye-opening alternatives to L.A.’s usual tourist destinations. It documents 115 little-known sites in the City of Angels where struggles related to race, class, gender, and sexuality have occurred. They introduce us to people and events usually ignored by mainstream media and, in the process, create a fresh history of Los Angeles. Roughly dividing the city into six regions — North Los Angeles, the Eastside and San Gabriel Valley, South Los Angeles, Long Beach and the Harbor, the Westside, and the San Fernando Valley — this illuminating guide shows how power operates in the shaping of places, and how it remains embedded in the landscape. University of California Press, 2012</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Bibliography - Becoming Mexican American: Ethnicity, Culture, and Identity in Chicano Los Angeles, 1900-1945</image:title>
      <image:caption>George J. Sanchez Twentieth-century Los Angeles has been the locus of one of the most profound and complex interactions between variant cultures in American history. Yet this study is among the first to examine the relationship between ethnicity and identity among the largest immigrant group to that city. By focusing on Mexican immigrants to Los Angeles from 1900 to 1945, George J. Sánchez explores the process by which temporary sojourners altered their orientation to that of permanent residents, thereby laying the foundation for a new Mexican-American culture. Analyzing not only formal programs aimed at these newcomers by the United States and Mexico, but also the world created by these immigrants through family networks, religious practice, musical entertainment, and work and consumption patterns, Sánchez uncovers the creative ways Mexicans adapted their culture to life in the United States. When a formal repatriation campaign pushed thousands to return to Mexico, those remaining in Los Angeles launched new campaigns to gain civil rights as ethnic Americans through labor unions and New Deal politics. The immigrant generation, therefore, laid the groundwork for the emerging Mexican-American identity of their children. Oxford University Press, 1995</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Bibliography - Land of Sunshine: An Environmental History of Metropolitan Los Angeles</image:title>
      <image:caption>William Deverell and Greg Hise, editors Most people equate Los Angeles with smog, sprawl, forty suburbs in search of a city-the great “what-not-to-do” of twentieth-century city building. But there's much more to L.A.’s story than this shallow stereotype. History shows that Los Angeles was intensely, ubiquitously planned. The consequences of that planning — the environmental history of urbanism — is one place to turn for the more complex lessons L.A. has to offer. Working forward from ancient times and ancient ecologies to the very recent past, Land of Sunshine is a fascinating exploration of the environmental history of greater Los Angeles. Rather than rehearsing a litany of errors or insults against nature, rather than decrying the lost opportunities of “roads not taken,” these essays, by nineteen leading geologists, ecologists, and historians, instead consider the changing dynamics both of the city and of nature. University of Pittsburgh Press, 2006</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Bibliography - Wild L.A.: Explore the Amazing Nature in and Around Los Angeles</image:title>
      <image:caption>Lila Higgins and Gregory B. Pauly L.A. may have a reputation as a concrete jungle, but it’s actually incredibly biodiverse, full of an amazing array of wildlife. You just need to know where to find it! Equal parts natural history, field guide, and trip planner, Wild L.A. has something for everyone. It looks at the factors that shape local nature—including fire, floods, and climate—and profiles over 100 local species, from easy-to-spot squirrels and praying mantids to more elusive green sea turtles, bighorn sheep, and Hollywood's famous mountain lion, P-22. Also included are descriptions of day trips that help you explore natural wonders on hiking trails, in public parks, and in your own backyard. Timber Press / Natural History Museum L.A., 2019</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Bibliography - Los Angeles in Maps</image:title>
      <image:caption>Glen Creason An illustrated cartographic history of the City of Angels from the colonial era to the present. Los Angeles inhabits a place of the mind as much as it does a physical geographic space. A land of palm trees and movie stars, sunshine and glamour, the city exists in the imagination as a paradise; of course, the reality is much bigger than this. Through seventy reproductions of seminal and historic documents, Los Angeles in Maps presents the evolution of this almost mythical place. Maps featured include historic Spanish explorers’ charts from as early as 1791, as well as more recent topographic surveys, tourist guides, real estate maps, bird’s-eye views, and more. Like the course of the Los Angeles River, the book winds through essential terrain: the discovery of oil, the rise of Hollywood, the streetcar system, Los Angeles Harbor, earthquakes, sprawl, and splendor. Rizzoli, 2010</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Bibliography - The Situationist City</image:title>
      <image:caption>Simon Sadler From 1957 to 1972, the artistic and political movement known as the Situationist International worked aggressively to subvert the conservative ideology of the Western world. The movement's broadside attack on “establishment" institutions and values left its mark upon the libertarian left, the counterculture, the revolutionary events of 1968, and more recent phenomena from punk to postmodernism. But over time it tended to obscure Situationism's own founding principles. In this book, Simon Sadler investigates the artistic, architectural, and cultural theories that were once the foundations of Situationist thought, particularly as they applied to the form of the modern city. According to the Situationists, the benign professionalism of architecture and design had led to a sterilization of the world that threatened to wipe out any sense of spontaneity or playfulness. Their principle for the reorganization of cities was simple and seductive: let the citizens themselves decide what spaces and architecture they want to live in and how they wish to live in them. This would instantly undermine the powers of state, bureaucracy, capital, and imperialism, thereby revolutionizing people's everyday lives. MIT Press, 1998</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac949c80dbda3fb2fca89c9/t/5edc56976081415fb009ce61/1591498400035/Wakida_LAtitudes_2015.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Bibliography - LAtitudes: An Angeleno’s Atlas</image:title>
      <image:caption>Patricia Wakida, editor This literary and cartographic exploration of Los Angeles reorients our understanding of the city in highly imaginative ways. Illuminated by boldly conceived and artfully rendered maps and infographics, nineteen essays by L.A.’s most exciting writers reveal complex histories and perspectives of a place notorious for superficiality. This chorus of voices explores wildly different subjects: Cindi Alvitre unveils the indigenous Tongva presence of the Los Angeles Basin; Michael Jaime-Becerra takes us into the smoky, spicy kitchens of a family taquero business in El Monte; Steve Graves traces the cowboy-and-spacemen-themed landscapes of the San Fernando Valley. Overlooked sites and phenomena become apparent: LGBT churches and synagogues, a fabled “Cycleway,” mustachioed golden carp, urban forests, lost buildings, ugly buildings. What has been ignored, such as environmental and social injustice, is addressed with powerful anger and elegiac sadness, and what has been maligned is reexamined with a sense of pride: the city’s freeways, for example, take the shape of a dove when viewed from midair and pulsate with wailing blues, surf rock, and brassy banda. Inspired by other texts that combine literature and landscape, including Rebecca Solnit’s Infinite City, this book’s juxtapositions make surprising connections and stir up undercurrents of truth. To all those who inhabit, love, or seek to understand Los Angeles, LAtitudes gives meaning and reward. Heyday, 2015</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac949c80dbda3fb2fca89c9/t/5edcb016aaa1a709926a4e5c/1591521309359/Phillips_Beneath_2019.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Bibliography - The City Beneath: A Century of Los Angeles Graffiti</image:title>
      <image:caption>Susan A. Phillips Graffiti written in storm drain tunnels, on neighborhood walls, and under bridges tells an underground and, until now, untold history of Los Angeles. Drawing on extensive research within the city’s urban landscape, Susan A. Phillips traces the hidden language of marginalized groups over the past century — from the early twentieth-century markings of hobos, soldiers, and Japanese internees to the later inscriptions of surfers, cholos, and punks. Whether describing daredevil kids, bored workers, or clandestine lovers, Phillips profiles the experiences of people who remain underrepresented in conventional histories, revealing the powerful role of graffiti as a venue for cultural expression. Yale University Press, 2019</image:caption>
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